satellite town:
A satellite town or satellite city is a concept of urban planning, although many satellite cities and towns appeared spontaneously near many metropoleis. Satellite towns are smaller municipalities that are adjacent to a major city which is the core of a metropolitan area. They differ from mere suburbs, subdivisions and especially bedroom communities in that they have municipal governments distinct from that of the core metropolis and employment bases sufficient to support their residential populations. Conceptually, satellite cities could be self-sufficient communities outside of their larger metropolitan areas.
Urban sprawl in Tokyo:
Most of Urban Areas in the mega-regions in Japan are divided into Urbanization Promotion Area (UPA) where development is promoted and Urbanization Control Area (UCA) where urban development is not permitted in principle. Some Urban Areas called Undivided Urban Areas (UUA) are not divided into UPA and UCA. There are several kinds of urban sprawls in Urban Area, somewhat different from urban sprawl in North America where it is generally considered as the expansion of urban area with insufficient urban infrastructure such as streets, parks and utilities.
Firstly, in Urbanization Promotion Area (UPA),
not only large-scale planned developments but also small-scale or ‘single lot’ developments are permitted as long as each building lot is attached to a street which width is 4 m or wider in principle, causing urban sprawl by incremental accumulation of small scale ‘mini-developments’ and ‘plot-by-plot’ developments.
Secondly, in Urbanization Control Area (UCA),
certain developments such as housing for farmers’ sons, retail facilities for the locals or public facilities are permitted, contributing to urbanization.
Thirdly, in Undivided Urban Area(UUA),
where land use regulation is generally loose, various kinds of developments including large-scale commercial developments were possible. Thus, urban sprawl can be observed both in UPA, UCA and UUA. Urbanization in UCA and UUA has been controlled mainly by Agricultural Land designation in Agricultural Area where agricultural land is protected to promote productive agriculture.